Pope takes swipe at unilateralism, undermining UN
Foreign Desk Report

UNITED NATIONS—Countries that act unilaterally on the world stage undermine the authority of the United Nations and weaken the broad consensus needed to confront global problems, Pope Benedict said on Friday.
In a major speech to the U.N. General Assembly, the pope also said that the international community sometimes had to intervene when a country could not protect its own people from “grave and sustained violations of human rights.”
The pope, who arrived from Washington on the second leg of a U.S. trip, became only the third pontiff in history to address the General Assembly. Speaking in French and English from the Assembly’s green marble podium, he gave a wide-ranging address on issues such as globalization, human rights and the environment.
The international community must be “capable of responding to the demands of the human family through binding international rules,” said the 81-year-old pope, who spoke after meeting privately with U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
He said the notion of multilateral consensus was “in crisis because it is still subordinated to the decisions of a few, whereas the world’s problems call for interventions in the form of collective action by the international community.”
While Benedict did not mention any specific country, this appeared to be a reference to the United States, which led the 2003 invasion of Iraq even though the Security Council refused to approve it. The Vatican strongly opposed the recourse to war.
Benedict called for “a deeper search for ways of pre-empting and managing conflicts by exploring every possible diplomatic avenue, and giving attention and encouragement to even the faintest sign of dialogue or desire for reconciliation.”
In an apparent reference to the conflict in the Sudanese region of Darfur, the pope said that every state had the “primary duty” to protect its citizens from human rights violations and humanitarian crises but outside intervention was sometimes justified. “If states are unable to guarantee such protection, the international community must intervene with the juridical means provided in the United Nations Charter and in other international instruments,” he said.
The pope called human rights, particularly religious freedom, “the common language and ethical substratum of international relations,” and added that promoting human rights was the best strategy to eliminate inequalities.
“Indeed, the victims of hardship and despair, whose human dignity is violated with impunity, become easy prey to the call to violence, and they can then become violators of peace,” he said in an apparent reference to social causes of terrorism.
Benedict called for religious freedom to be protected against secularist views and against majority religions that sideline other faiths — an apparent reference to Muslim states where some Christian minorities report discrimination. “It should never be necessary to deny God in order to enjoy one’s rights,” Benedict said. Later on Friday, the German-born pope was due to visit a New York synagogue just before the start of the Jewish Passover holiday.
He will also visit a Manhattan parish founded by German immigrants in 1873. The pope arrived in Washington on Tuesday on his first visit to the United States as pontiff. On Thursday, he held a surprise meeting with victims of sexual abuse by priests in an effort to heal scars from a scandal that deeply tarnished the Catholic Church in the United States.
Issues of security, development, global inequality and climate change “require all international leaders to act jointly and to show a readiness to work in good faith, respecting the law, and promoting solidarity with the weakest region of the planet,” the pontiff said. He however cautioned that any action by the world community must respect “the principles undergirding the international order” and “should never be interpreted as an unwarranted imposition or a limitation of sovereignty.” “What is needed is a deeper search for ways of pre-empting and managing conflicts by exploring every possible diplomatic avenue, and giving attention and encouragement to even the faintest sign of dialogue or desire for reconciliation,” he added. Noting that this year marks the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the pope said promoting human rights was “the most effective strategy for eliminating inequalities between countries and social groups and for increasing security.”
But he also warned against “a relativistic conception” of such rights under which “the meaning and interpretation of rights could vary and their universality would be denied in the name of difference cultural, political, social and even religious outlooks.
“This great variety of viewpoints must not be allowed to obscure the fact that not only rights are universal, but so too is the human person, the subject of those rights,” he added.