Officials consider legal action over German terracotta army fakes

XI’AN—Chinese cultural officials on Thursday said they are considering legal action against the German exhibitors of fake Chinese terracotta army statues, which they describe as a “fraud.”
“It is a serious act of fraud and has implications for intellectual property rights,” said Chen Xianqi, a spokesman for the Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage, in Xi’an, home of the 2,200-year-old terracotta army. An exhibition of the Chinese terracotta army, titled “Power in Death”, has been held in the city of Hamburg since Nov. 25. The exhibitors have claimed that the Shaanxi bureau was one of the organizers, and the eight clay warrior figures and two horses on display had been transported from China and were “authentic”.
“The museum of the terracotta army in Xi’an has not sent any authentic objects for display in Germany recently, and currently no such relics are on display in Germany,” said Chen, also director of the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Exchange Center. “The bureau knew nothing about the exhibition. The Hamburg Museum of Ethnology and the German Centre of Chinese Arts and Culture have organized the exhibition with no consultation with us,” he said. German news agency dpa Wednesday quoted Yolna Grimm, of Center of Chinese Arts and Culture, as saying the Center had never said the figures were original, but that they were “authentic”. “To us, authentic means they are ceramic, life-sized and comparable with the originals.”
Chen said China had strict regulations on carrying Chinese cultural relics overseas for exhibitions, which must be approved by the local or national cultural heritage authorities first and then by the Ministry of Culture or the State Council, China’s cabinet. He said the center had organized two exhibitions of the terracotta army in Germany in the past two years. “The objects on display have all been returned to China.”
An exhibition was held from April 21 to July 23 last year in Bonn and the items were returned in August the same year. Another exhibition was held in Leipzig from April 28, 2005, to Feb. 28, 2006, and was later extended to earlier this year, before the relics returned home in April, Chen said. “The two exhibitions both won acclaim from the German public,” he said. The terracotta army buried around the mausoleum of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang, was one of the greatest archeological finds of modern times. It was discovered in Lintong county, 35 km east of Xi’an, in 1974 by peasants who were digging a well.
More than 1,000 life-size figures were found, representing the emperor’s army, including officers, horses, archers, and chariots. No two figures are identical. Each of the sand-colored statues has a different facial expression and hairstyle, and craftsmen are believed to have modeled them after a real army.—Xinhua