US shapes Indian nuke deal into law
Foreign Desk Report

WASHINGTON—President Bush on Monday signed a civilian nuclear deal with India, allowing fuel and know-how to be shipped to the world’s largest democracy even though it has not submitted to full international inspections. “The bill will help keep America safe by paving the way for India to join the global effort to stop the spread of nuclear weapons,” Bush said.
The bill carves out an exemption in U.S. law to allow civilian nuclear trade with India in exchange for Indian safeguards and inspections at its 14 civilian nuclear plants. Eight military plants, however, would remain off-limits. “This is an important achievement for the whole world. After 30 years outside the system, India will now operate its civilian nuclear energy program under internationally accepted guidelines and the world is going to be safer as a result,” Bush said in a bill-signing ceremony at the White House.
Critics have said the measure undermines efforts to curb the spread of nuclear weapons and technology and could spark a nuclear arms race in Asia by boosting India’s atomic arsenal. India still refuses to sign the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. The measure passed Congress with bipartisan support, but critics complain the deal undermines efforts to prevent states like Iran and North Korea from acquiring nuclear weapons.
Rep. Ed Markey, D-Mass., a senior Democrat on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said the pact, in effect, shreds the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. “This is a sad day in the history of efforts to halt the spread of nuclear weapons and materials around the world,” he said. “The bill that President Bush has signed today may well become the death warrant to the international nuclear nonproliferation regime.”
The White House said India was unique because it had protected its nuclear technology and not been a proliferator. The Bush administration said the pact deepens ties with a democratic Asia power, but was not designed as a counterweight to the rising power of China. The administration also argued it was a good deal because it would provide international oversight for part of a program that has been secret since India entered the nuclear age in 1974. The deal also could be a boon for American companies that have been barred from selling reactors and material to India.
“India’s economy has more than doubled its size since 1991 and it is one of the fastest-growing markets for American exports,” Bush said.
In New Delhi, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Monday defended the nuclear deal, rejecting strong opposition criticism that it would lead to the dismantling of India’s atomic weapons. He said he had some concerns about the legislation, but that they would be dealt with during technical negotiations on an overall U.S.-India cooperation agreement.
“The United States has assured us that the bill would enable it to meet its commitments” made in agreements struck in July 2005 and in March by Bush and Singh. Singh said India would not accept new conditions and its nuclear weapons program would not be subject to interference of any kind because the agreement with the United States dealt with civil nuclear cooperation.