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ÿþWhy I salute the Egyptian revolution

Uri Avnery



THE impossible has happened. The Egyptian Parliament, democratically elected by a free people, has convened for its first session. For me this is a wonderful, a joyful occasion. For many Israelis, this is a worrisome, a threatening sight.


I cannot but rejoice when a downtrodden people arises and wins its freedom and human dignity by the sheer power of non-violence. Whenever and wherever it happens, it must gladden the heart of any decent person around the globe.


Compared to most other revolutions, this Egyptian uprising was bloodless. The number of victims ran in the dozens, not thousands. The current struggle in Syria claims that number of victims every day or two, and so did the successful uprising in neighbouring Libya, which was greatly assisted by foreign military intervention.


A revolution reflects the character of its people. I always had a special liking for the Egyptian people, because they are — by and large — devoid of aggressiveness and violence. They are a singularly patient and humorous lot. You can see this in thousands of years of recorded history and you can see it in daily life in the street.


That is why this revolution was so surprising. Of all the peoples on this planet, the Egyptians are among the most unlikely to revolt. Yet revolt they did.


The Parliament convened after 60 years of military rule, which also started with a bloodless revolution. Even the despised king, Farouk, who was overthrown on that day in July 1952, was not harmed. He was bundled into his luxurious yacht and sent off to Monte Carlo, there to spend the rest of his life gambling.


The real leader of the revolution was Gamal Abd-al-Nasser. I had met him several times during the 1948 war – though we were never properly introduced. These were all night battles, and only after the war could I reconstruct the events. He was wounded in a battle for which my company was awarded the honorary name “Samson’s Foxes”, while I was wounded five months later by soldiers under his command.


I never met him face to face, of course, but a good friend of mine did. During the battle of the “Faluja pocket”, a cease-fire was agreed in order to bring out the dead and wounded lying between the lines. The Egyptians sent Maj. Abd-al-Nasser, our side sent a Yemen-born officer whom we called “Gingi” (Ginger), because he was almost totally black. The two enemy officers liked each other very much, and when the Egyptian revolution broke out, Gingi told me – long before anyone else – that Abd-al-Nasser was the man to watch.


“Nasser”, as most people called him for short, was not a born dictator. He later recounted that after the victory of the revolution, he had no idea what to do next. He started by appointing a civilian government, but was appalled by the incompetence and corruption of the politicians. So the army took things into its own hands, and soon enough it became a military dictatorship, which lasted and steadily degenerated until last year.


One does not have to take Nasser’s account literally, but the lesson is clear: Now as then, “temporary” military rule tends to turn into a lasting dictatorship. Egyptians know this from bitter experience, and that’s why they are becoming very very impatient now.


I remember an arresting conversation between two leading Arab intellectuals some 45 years ago. We were in a taxi in London, on our way to a conference. One was the admirable Mohammed Sid Ahmad, an aristocratic Egyptian Marxist, the other was Alawi, a courageous leftist Moroccan opposition leader. The Egyptian said that in the contemporary Arab world, no national goal can be achieved without a strong autocratic leadership. Alawi retorted that nothing worthwhile can be achieved before internal democracy is established. I think this case has now been settled.


As Winston Churchill famously said, “democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried.” The bad thing about democracy is that free elections don't always turn out the way you want them to.”


The recent Egyptian election was won by “Islamists.” The tumultuous first session produced by this whiff of freedom was dominated by deputies with religious beards. Elected members of the Muslim Brotherhood and the more extreme Salafists form the majority. The Israelis and the world’s Islamophobes, for whom all Muslims are the same, are aghast.


Frankly, I don’t like religious parties of any stripe – Jewish, Muslim, Christian or what have you. Full democracy demands full separation between state and religion, in practice as well as in theory.


I would not vote for politicians who use religious fundamentalism as a ladder for their careers. But if such people are elected freely, I accept them. I certainly would not let the success of the Islamists spoil my joy at the historic victory of the Arab Spring. The way it looks now, Islamists of various shades are going to be influential in all the new parliaments that will be the products of Arab democracy, from Morocco to Iraq, from Syria to Oman. Israel will not be a “villa in the jungle”, but a Jewish island in a Muslim sea.


Island and sea are not natural enemies. On the contrary, they complement each other. The islanders catch fish in the sea, the island shelters the young fish.


There is no reason for Jews and Muslims not to live peacefully together and cooperate. They have done so many times in history, and these were good times for both.


Jews and Muslims can and did live peacefully together, and so did Israelis and Egyptians.


Just one chapter: in November, 1944, two members of the pre-state underground Lehi organization (aka Stern Gang) assassinated Lord Moyne, the British minister of state for the Middle East, in Cairo. They were caught, and their trial in an Egyptian court turned into an anti-British demonstration. Young Egyptian patriots filled the chamber and made no effort to hide their admiration for the accused. One of the two (with whom I was acquainted) reciprocated with a rousing speech, in which he dismissed Zionism and defined himself as a freedom fighter out to liberate the entire region from British imperialism.


When Israel was founded soon after, some of us suggested that the new state use this and other acts in order to present ourselves as the first Semitic state that had liberated itself from foreign rule. In this spirit, we publicly welcomed Abd-al-Nasser’s 1952 revolution. But in 1956, Israel attacked Egypt in collusion with France and Great Britain, and was branded as an outpost of Western colonialism.


After Anwar Sadat’s historic visit to Jerusalem, I was one of the first four Israelis to arrive in Cairo. For weeks we were the heroes of the city, lionized by one and all. Enthusiasm for peace with Israel gave rise to a carnival mood. Only later, when the Egyptians realized that Israel had no intention whatsoever of allowing the Palestinians to achieve their freedom, did this mood evaporate.


Now is the time to try to restore this mood. It can be done, if we resolutely turn our face toward the Arab Spring and its winter offshoots.


That raises again one of the most basic questions for Israel: Do we want to be a part of this region, or an outpost of the West? Are the Arabs our natural allies or our natural enemies? Does the new Arab democracy arouse our sympathy and admiration, or does it frighten us?


This leads to the most profound question of all: Is Israel just another branch of world Jewry, or is it a new nation born in this region and constituting an integral part of it?


For me, the answer is clear. And therefore I salute the Egyptian people and their new Parliament: Congratulations!



 
Is Israel on the road to ‘self-destruction’?

Alan Hart



ONE very well informed and courageous Israeli who thinks the answer is “Yes” is Merav Michaeli, a radio and television presenter who also writes for Ha’aretz. She is completely without fear when it comes to telling it like it is. On 2 January this year, for example, she wrote: “The Israeli government doesn't want peace. There's nothing new in that. It has been the proven way since the establishment of the state.”


The headline over her latest article is Israel’s never-ending Holocaust. One of her main points is that Israel has never confronted the trauma of the Nazi holocaust and has “turned it into a placard in the service of the national trauma, to reinforce the constant existential fear and the aggressiveness that comes with it.”


Because what she wrote is so important, and in my view ought to be read by all peoples of all faiths everywhere who want to understand why the Zionist state is what it is, I am going to quote her at some length.


She wrote:


The Holocaust is the primary way Israel defines itself. And that definition is narrow and ailing in the extreme, because the Holocaust is remembered only in a very specific way, as are its lessons. It has long been used to justify the existence and the necessity of the state, and has been mentioned in the same breath as proof that the state is under a never-ending existential threat.


The Holocaust is the sole prism through which our leadership, followed by society at large, examines every situation. This prism distorts reality and leads inexorably to a forgone conclusion… that all our lives are simply one long Shoah (experience of persecution and extermination – my amplification not Merav’s).


The ‘Hitlers’ are always there: Just a week ago, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said for the nth time that there is no shortage of those who want to exterminate us completely. In other words, there is no lack of reasons to continue to reinforce the fear of the Holocaust – which, according to his father, historian Benzion Netanyahu, has never ended.


So it is that we don't have any rivals, adversaries or even enemies. Only Hitlers. This is how the Holocaust is taught in school, this how it is that Israeli students are taken to visit death camps – and how it came to be that, as Ha’aretz reported on Friday, just 2 percent of Israeli youth feel committed to democratic principles after studying the Holocaust… That's the way it is with traumas. Because of our human limitations, a trauma that is not dealt with makes us constantly see yet another trauma approaching – even when whatever is coming has no connection to the previous trauma and may even be a good thing. Trauma leads to belligerence and a strong tendency to wreak havoc on one's surroundings, but first and foremost on oneself.


What we consider rational is actually a frightened, defensive, aggressive pattern. Our current leaders have made Israeli Judaism just a post-traumatic syndrome, while they lead us to self-destruction.


I imagine that most if not all Arabs and other Muslims everywhere would welcome the prospect of Israel self-destructing, but in my Gentile view it is not actually a prospect to be welcomed. Why not?


If there comes a time when it seemed to them that the Zionist state’s self-destruction was imminent, Israel’s leaders would respond in the same way as they would if their state was in danger of being defeated on the battlefield. As readers of my book Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews know, that response was put into words by Golda Meir in the course of one of my BBC Panorama interviews with her when she was prime minister. In a doomsday situation, she said, Israel “would be prepared to take the region down with it.”


The question arising is something like this. Is there any power on Planet Earth that could assist Israeli Jews to save themselves from themselves – perhaps I should say save themselves from their deluded leaders?


The more I think about this question, the more I am convinced that there is only one power that could do it – the Jews of the world. But that must be the subject of another post and I will welcome thoughts from others before I write it.



 
Asian dialogue on GCC-Iran row?

Dr. N. Janardhan



IT is now a familiar script. An “intelligence document” deems Iran closer to becoming a nuclear weapons power. Economic sanctions intensify. Reports point to Israel conceiving military action. The United States says all options are on the table. There is sabre rattling on all sides. Iran threatens retaliation. Oil prices rise. Frenzy media and analysts contribute theories about the “when, why, what, where and who” dynamics of the “conflict.”


And, a few weeks later, as is evident already, the crisis de-escalates toward a slow death, waiting only to pick up steam again.


The Iran-US-Israel rift is about brinkmanship, where all concerned are seeking to maximize on one another's domestic weaknesses and international gains. As much as they want to appear to be reaching the point of no return, their moves are geared to stopping well short of it. Just as they know the utility value of such rhetoric, they are equally aware of the catastrophic consequences of a conflict. All that has been, is, and will be played out in future is likely to follow the same script.


In the current context, as much as domestic compulsions of all the concerned parties heightened tension, the same factors cooled tempers too.


If the United States wished to take effective military action, its best bet was while its troops were in Iraq. As much as the build-up to the next presidential election generated its recent hawkish stance, its current economic and political woes would deter it from risking any misadventure.


Israel has lapsed into inaction due to the lack of consensus among its politicians and public; Palestinian moves toward unilateral declaration of statehood; Washington's own inaction and lack of endorsement for Israeli action; post-Arab Spring political scenarios and international realignments; and uncertainty about what military action would actually yield, with theories ranging from partial to complete destruction of Iran's nuclear program, to lack of Iran's retaliatory power, to full-scale regional chaos with the involvement of Iran's allies.


Iran is in the throes of decades-long international sanctions, which has limited its economic growth; the political tussle between the supreme leader and the president continues; though it appears subdued, the impact of the last presidential poll and its aftermath still lingers among a considerable section of the population; and the strength of its allies is being tested because of the events in Syria and Turkey's strategic shift in stance vis-à-vis Iran.


For their part, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries continue to be victims of an ideological war. While they are the principal stakeholders, they remain fringe players, relying on the action or inaction of others, rather than actively contribute to any conflict resolution process.


While the catastrophic consequences of military action need no elaboration, it is worth pondering over the utility of sanctions. How long will sanctions as an instrument of threat, coercion and pressure serve the endgame? History is replete with sanctions failing to yield results, with Iraq, North Korea, Libya and Zimbabwe being recent examples.


On the contrary, Libya exposed the double standards of some countries that took the lead to impose sanctions and then reversed their stand to strike lucrative economic deals. This lends weight to the fears of a “grand bargain” at some point with Iran too.


It is here that a change of tack is worth considering — one that is beyond both sanctions and military strike options. This untried path could be an Asian political solution, where the GCC countries and Iran are the principal negotiators, facilitated by influential Asian countries — China, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, and India, among others.


Turkey already has a proposal, which was formulated with Brazil and Iran in 2010, that could become the starting point again. It is a trial balloon worth pursuing, even as the “more trusted” Western approach searches for elusive results.


As the economic balance of power shifts from West to East, it is certain to impact the political and security dynamics of Asia in the mid-to-long term. In this context, developing a robust pan-Asian cooperative approach is important. Since Iran and the GCC countries are permanent neighbours, it is in their best interests to resolve their differences through a win-win formula, however daunting it is. While this crisis serves as the trigger, the interdependent bigger picture is enhanced Gulf peace and security, which is crucial to Asia translating its potential into reality in the 21st century.



 
A war by other means in Mideast

Aijaz Zaka Syed



HERE'S a brief history lesson. At the height of World War II when Hitler's Germany was swallowing one mighty European nation after another without so much as a hiccup, Britain got so desperate for the US help that it resorted to all sorts of tricks to get the Atlantic cousins involved.


That old warhorse Churchill is said to have actually dispatched William Stephenson, Britain's master spy and the man who inspired Ian Fleming's James Bond, to the US to try everything from bribing and blackmailing the US senators to creating false-flag situations to force the US into the war against Germany. An unwilling America under a reluctant Roosevelt eventually joined the Great War after Germany invaded the Soviet Union.


As this psychological, diplomatic and economic war on Iran heats up, history appears to repeat itself all over again. Israel and its friends in the US establishment appear more desperate than the British had ever been to get Uncle Sam into the breathlessly awaited war with Iran. Desperate nations are as dangerous as desperate, suicidal men.


From the Mossad men posing as CIA agents to recruit saboteurs to assassinating top Iranian nuclear scientists that could be blamed on the “Great Satan”, Israel has already taken this campaign against the Islamic republic to dangerous levels. Right now tensions between Iran and the West are so thick that even a minor skirmish or misunderstanding could spark a full-blown conflagration. The assassination of Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan, deputy director of Natanz nuclear plant, this month is the fourth such killing of top Iranian nuclear scientists over the past year and half.


This is not just an act of terror, as Tehran chose to describe it, but a declaration of war. It would have provoked a third World War if the US and the now deceased Soviet Union had attempted something similar against each other's scientists. No other country for that matter would tolerate such attacks on its citizens and national interests.


Fortunately or unfortunately, a much sanctioned and politically and economically besieged Iran is perhaps in no position to respond to these flagrant provocations. Israel and the West may not have declared it formally but the war on Iran has already begun — on several fronts. Its economy, already vulnerable thanks to the decades of crippling curbs, has further been brutalized by the latest UN-US sanctions targeting its Central Bank and the crucial oil trade.


The European Union, one of Tehran's biggest trading partners and oil importers, has followed suit by banning Iran's oil exports and freezing its financial assets. Goes without saying these actions are going to really hurt Iran considering some 80 percent of its foreign revenue comes from oil exports. With its economy on the brink and sanctions turning the rail into a worthless paper, inflation has hit the roof biting ordinary people.


On the political and diplomatic front too, Iran finds itself at the receiving end as it helplessly awaits the approaching D- day. Just as a much sanctioned Iraq did in the run-up to the 2003 invasion. Not a single day passes without the Israeli, American and European politicians and security experts pitching for urgent “action” against Iran. Meanwhile, Washington and Tel Aviv are playing out the good cop-bad cop routine. The Americans raise the spectre of a unilateral Israeli attack even as the Zionists raise the bang-Iran rhetoric to a feverish pitch keeping the whole world dancing on the razor's edge. What is most disturbing though is not the perfidy of Israel or the hypocrisy of its protectors but the deafening silence of the international community. The less said of the United Nations the better. It increasingly reminds me of what Matthew Arnold said about Shelley — “an ineffectual angel, beating in the void his luminous wings in vain.”


The world body created to protect peace and resolve conflicts hasn't just failed in its raison de'tre — its purpose of existence — it has become a willing tool in the hands of the world powers. The UN has increasingly been acting as handmaiden of the empire, with its institutions like the IAEA offering the fig leaf of legitimacy and at times even aiding in its quest for global hegemony. But then what's new? It's a familiar and much repeated history.


What is most disturbing though is the shameful capitulation of the rest of the world in the face of this continuing tyranny and obfuscation. Abdicating its collective responsibility, the world community stands and stares once again as the coalition of the ever willing cooks up yet another unjust war against another oil-rich Middle East nation.


That said, Iran's leaders aren't exactly doing their people any service by forever obsessing over nuclear power at the expense of everything else. What is Iran itself doing to end its pariah status? How about building bridges with its Arab neighbours and addressing their apprehensions that are as much a result of Western propaganda as they are of its own rhetoric? Right now, Tehran needs all the friends and allies it could get.


Meanwhile the world community must do everything to prevent a war with unimaginably catastrophic consequences for the Middle East and the world.



 
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